點擊看在路上視頻。Click to watch on-road video with tour guide's explanation.
歷史History: Dacian Kingdom (1st–2nd centuries), Roman Dacia (2nd–3rd centuries), the Hunnic Empire (4th–5th centuries), the Kingdom of the Gepids (5th–6th centuries), the Avar Khaganate (6th–9th centuries) and the 9th century First Bulgarian Empire. During the late 9th century, western Transylvania was reached by the Hungarian conquerors and later it became part of the Kingdom of Hungary, formed in 1000. After the Battle of Mohács in 1526 it belonged to the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom, from which the Principality of Transylvania emerged. During most of the 16th and 17th centuries, the principality was a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire; however, the principality had dual suzerainty (Ottoman and Habsburg). In 1690, the Habsburgs gained possession of Transylvania through the Hungarian crown. After 1711, Habsburg control of Transylvania was consolidated, and Transylvanian princes were replaced with Habsburg imperial governors. After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, the separate status of Transylvania ceased; it was incorporated into the Kingdom of Hungary (Transleithania) as part of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. After World War I, Transylvania became part of Romania. In 1940 Northern Transylvania reverted to Hungary as a result of the Second Vienna Award, but it was reclaimed by Romania after the end of World War II.
Left picture: Historic rulers of Transylvania and Wallachia.Dracula is an 1897 Gothic horror novel by Irish author Bram Stoker. The novel tells the story of Count Dracula's attempt to move from Transylvania to England. It is said that the historical Transylvanian-born Vlad the Impaler (also known as Vlad III, Vlad Dracula, Vlad Tepes, left picture middle row 2nd left) of Wallachia is related to the fictional Dracula.
During his main reign (1456–1462), "Vlad the Impaler" is said to have killed from 40,000 to 100,000 European civilians mainly by impaling. However, he is revered as a folk hero by Romanians for driving off the invading Ottoman Turks.
Historically, the name "Dracula" is derived from a Chivalric order called the Order of the Dragon, founded by Sigismund of Luxembourg (then king of Hungary) to uphold Christianity and defend the Empire against the Ottoman Turks. Vlad II Dracul (left picture middle row first left), father of Vlad III, was admitted to the order around 1431. His coinage bore the dragon symbol, from which the name "Dracula" is derived since "dracul" in Romanian means "the dragon". Left picture, the Dacian Draco was the ensign of ancient Dacian troops (see Bucharest museum in below post).
首先，我們參觀了14世紀建造在古老的羅馬防禦工事上的Hunedoara城堡, 這座堡壘多年來經過多次改造, 該城堡的神秘氣氛, 使最近2018年電影“鬼修女”在這裡拍攝。First we visited the mythical 14th century Hunedoara Castle built on old Roman fortifications and tourists are told that it was the place where Vlad the Impaler was (above picture middle 2nd left) held prisoner by John Hunyadi (Iancu de Hunedoara, above picture upper right), Hungary's military leader and regent. This fortress, transformed many times over the years, became the castle of Matthias Corvinus, known as the "Raven King." The mysterious atmosphere surrounding the castle was the setting for a recent 2018 film "The Nun".
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We drove to the charming town of Sibiu, with its maze of cobbled streets and baroque squares. This cultural center of Europe attracted many musicians in the 19th century and today is the center of Romania's major music festivals. We saw the houses of the town have eyes.
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The next morning, we went to Sighisoara, the best-preserved medieval city in Southeastern Europe with fortified-walled old town which is listed as UNESCO site. Vlad the Impaler (Dracula) is supposed to be born in Sighișoara. His father, Vlad Dracul, the ruler of Wallachia, and his pregnant wife were hosted in this house by the king of Sighișoara between 1431 and 1435, during the Turkish invasion of Valakia.
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我們驅車前往位於Transylvania南部的Brasov，周圍環繞著南喀爾巴阡山脈。We drove to Brasov which is located in the central part of the country, surrounded by the Southern Carpathians. The city is notable for being an important center of Transylvanian Saxons in the past, and a large commercial hub on the trade roads between East and West. The Hollywood-style Brasov sign can be seen in central picture. Still don't know who is that lady in the picture.
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我們參觀了著名的14世紀Bran城堡，它通常被稱為“Dracula城堡”。 現在它作為羅馬尼亞的最後皇后瑪麗（英國維多利亞女王的孫女）的展示館。We visited the famous 14th century Bran Castle and it is commonly known as "Dracula's Castle." Now it serves as a museum displaying collection of Queen Marie (last queen of Romania, granddaughter of Queen Victoria). The castle is owned by the heir of Princess Ileana and Queen Marie (above ruler's picture bottom row left 2 figures).
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